Java
Spring Boot
Golang
Python
TypeScript
Kotlin
Rust
Tech trends
LLM
AI Agent
RAG
MCP
Hugging Face
React
Next.js
Node.js
Web Security
Design Pattern
System Design
Real-world case studies
Microservices
Redis
Kafka
PostgreSQL
Docker
Kubernetes
AWS
GitHub Actions
Linux
Git
Solidity
EVM
SVM
Algorithms
TestingCounting Tokens and Estimating Costs When Calling LLMs in Java
How to count tokens locally with JTokkit, calculate costs with BigDecimal, block requests exceeding budget, and reconcile with actual usage from Spring AI.
Topics
Latest articles
Error handling in Rust with thiserror and anyhow
Use thiserror to define clear error types for libraries, use anyhow to consolidate errors and add context for applications, and combine both.
Object, Companion Object, and Singleton in Kotlin
Distinguish object declaration, object expression, and companion object in Kotlin, how they create singletons, calling from Java, and common pitfalls.
Template Literal Types in TypeScript Through Examples
Use template literal types to generate key names, parse route parameters, and write type-safe event emitters, along with type testing with Vitest and pitfalls to avoid.
Kotlin and Java in a Single Spring Boot Project with Maven
Configure Maven for Kotlin and Java interoperability, handle nullability, @JvmStatic, @JvmOverloads, and common Spring Boot issues.
Safe Concurrency in Rust with Mutex and Channel
How to share data between threads using Arc<Mutex<T>>, pass messages with mpsc channels, and avoid deadlock, poisoning, and other common mistakes.
Streaming Responses from LLM APIs with Java 21 and Spring Boot
Receive tokens from LLM API via Server-Sent Events using HttpClient and WebClient, then push to browsers, with error handling, timeouts, and tests.
Strict Mode in TypeScript: What Gets Enabled
Which checks the strict flag in tsconfig enables, what errors each check catches, which additional flags to enable besides strict, and how to migrate an old project to strict.
Building REST APIs with Axum in Rust
Build a REST API CRUD with Axum 0.8, including routing, extractors, shared state, error handling with IntoResponse, and testing handlers without opening network ports.
Delegated properties in Kotlin: lazy and observable
Use by lazy for thread-safe lazy initialization, use Delegates.observable and vetoable to monitor or block property value changes.
Function Calling and Tool Use with Spring AI
Understand how LLMs call application functions, from raw JSON to @Tool in Spring AI. Includes examples for order lookup, cancellation, and testing without calling the model.
keyof, typeof, and indexed access types in TypeScript
Use keyof, typeof, and indexed access types to infer types from existing data, reduce code duplication, and let the compiler catch incorrect keys for you.
Higher-order functions and lambdas in Kotlin
How to declare function types, pass and return lambdas, use function references, closures, lambdas with receivers, and inline in Kotlin.
Smart Pointers in Rust: Box, Rc, and Arc
When to use Box, Rc, or Arc in Rust: heap allocation, sharing ownership in a single thread and across multiple threads, along with Weak, RefCell, and Mutex.
Structured output: Force LLM to return JSON matching schema
How to force LLM to return JSON matching schema in Spring Boot: map to record with Spring AI, enable native JSON Schema, validate, retry and write tests.
Writing a TypeScript Library with Type Declarations
How to configure tsconfig and package.json so your TypeScript library generates proper .d.ts files with complete types for users and can be tested with Vitest.
Async Rust with Tokio: async/await, tasks, and channels
A guide to asynchronous programming in Rust with Tokio, covering async/await, spawning tasks, join!, select!, timeout, channels, spawn_blocking, and testing async code.
Kotlin for backend with Spring Boot
Setup Spring Boot 3 project with Kotlin, write REST API, JPA entity, configuration and test, including common errors when migrating from Java.
Prompt engineering: practical techniques you can use now
Practical prompt engineering techniques like system prompt, delimiter, few-shot, structured output, and temperature, illustrated with Spring AI.
Typing async functions and Promises in TypeScript
How to type async functions, using Promise<T>, Awaited, Promise.all, safe error handling, and avoiding common pitfalls with async callbacks.